Was a practicing medical doctor through most of his literary career: "Medicine is my lawful wife and literature is my mistress." Loved his mother and credited her for his love of stories He and brothers had to work to finish university. Chekhov often referred to his father as a hypocrite He over borrowed to build a house and was sent to debtor's prison, leaving the family to live in poverty in Moscow. His father was both a devout Orthodox Christian and very abusive. Son of a former serf who ran a grocery store ![]() Much of the action of the play is indirect action (Things that don't occur onstage but which are alluded to in the dialogue).īest known for The Cherry Orchard (1904) - About a once well-off family who's ancestral cherry orchard is no longer profitable and will need to be sold, as the country itself is on the brink of a new social order. Much happens in the play's subtext (leaving much to interpretation and demonstrating how often social rules compel us not to speak, act or feel the way we might want to). His plays are full of deep, psychologically complex characters with myriad levels of relationships with every other character in a given play. Through his association with Konstantin Stanislavsky and the Moscow Art Theatre he achieved what is considered by most to be the highest aesthetic form of the genre of realism. He is one of the Literary heroes of Russia to this day. (1860-1904) Russian Playwright trained as a medical doctor. Despite this, it was extremely successful across Europe. Her husband had her committed to a mental institution and had her declared an unfit mother.Ī Dolls House was so scandalous that some theatres and actresses refused to put on the play. She asked Ibsen to recommend her book to his publisher. Ibsen was inspired by a real life event to write A Doll House: A writer named Laura Kieler who had committed forgery to get money to save her ailing husband's life. Wrote over 26 plays, the best known realistic plays are A Doll House, Ghosts, and An Enemy of the People Then after traveling abroad he began writing his masterpieces of realism. In his early career he wrote plot driven melodramas. Spent time in to Copenhagen, Dresden, Sweden and Italy. ![]() Developed many contacts across Europe which allowed his plays to spread quickly. Spent much of his career (27 years) living abroad. The son of Merchant parents who went bankrupt (1828-1906) Norwegian Theatre Manager/ Playwright/Director, Considered to be the Father of Modern Drama Left his money and homes to establish an actor's fund for retired actors. ![]() After the Lincoln assassination he sheltered actors at his summer home in Philadelphia. Tried to return to stage with a lukewarm reception. Tried his hand at politics and even ran for congress. The Astor Place Riots ended his English career (if he had one). ![]() Known for Shakespeare and blackface caricatures of African American and Native American characters. Loved by working class Americans who saw him as "one of their own" and his performance style as being more "American" than those of the fancy-pants English actors Developed his rough and tumble performance style Toured rough circuits with less budgets than most travelling players. Performed a soliloquy from Richard III under the gas that was so amazing that doctors arranged an audition for him at Walnut Street Theatre. Took a job volunteering to be a test patient for the development of nitrous oxide to make money. Attempted many jobs after his father died with little success. One of the first American-born celebrity actors.
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