Although with the progress of diagnosis and treatment technology, more than 50% of GC patients are still advanced at diagnosis, and the first-line treatment based on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and platinum drugs in the advanced stage showed poor efficacy. In China, the latest data from the National Cancer Center demonstrate that its morbidity and mortality rank the second and the third respectively, which seriously endangers public health. Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies worldwide with the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Some biomarkers including PD-L1, MSI-H, EBV, and TMB status could evaluate the efficacy of ICIs in GC. ICIs have shown encouraging treatment efficacy and manageable safety profile in GC. PD-L1, MSI-H, Epstein Barr virus, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status maybe potential biomarkers for response to clinical outcomes for ICIs in GC. Many other ICIs have been demonstrating encouraging efficacy. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy has been recommended for the first line treatment in advanced GC in China. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been recommended for the third line or subsequent therapy in advanced GC. ![]() WANFANG MED ONLINE, CNKI, NCBI PUBMED and were used to search literature spanning from 2000 to 2021, and all literatures about “advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1, PD-L1, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, immune therapy” with detailed data were included. Here, we summary the current treatment and advances of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the advanced stage of GC. In recent years, however, Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), such as anti- programmed death-1 (PD-1), anti-PD-L1, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in GC. Most patients are diagnosed at later stage, because of few treatment options, the prognosis is poor. Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Īll data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.įunding This study was supported in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province of China(#H2018206180). The current management and biomarkers of immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. ![]() ![]() How to cite this article: Chang X, Ge X, Zhang Y, Xue X. ∗Correspondence: Xiaoying Xue, Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, China (e-mail: ).Ībbreviations: 5-Fu = 5-fluorouracil, AGC = advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, CR = complete response, CSCO = Chinese society of clinical oncology, CTLA-4 = Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, DCR = disease control rate, dMMR = DNA mismatch repair deficiency, EBV = Epstein Barr virus, FLOT = 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel + oxaliplatin + leucovorin, G/GEJ = Gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction, GC = gastric carcinoma, HER-2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, HRR = homologous recombination repair, ICIs = immune checkpoint inhibitors, IPI = Ipilimumab, IV = intravenously, LAG-3 = lymphocyte activation gene 3, MIDS = mononuclear inflammatory cell density score, MSI = microsatellite-unstable/instability, nivo = nivolumab, ORR = objective response rate, OS = overall survival, PD-1 = programmed death-1, PFS = progression-free survival, PR = partial response, Q2W = every 2 weeks, SOX = S-1 plus oxaliplatin, TMB = tumor mutational burden, TPS = tumor proportion score, TRAEs = treatment-related adverse events, VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor. Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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